Enfermería
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- ItemIntervención del personal de enfermería basado en la promoción y prevención de la Hipertensión Arterial en adultos mayores: una revisión sistemática(Instituto Superior Tecnológico Particular Sudamericano, 2026) Guamán Ailla Kevin Honorio; Sarate Landi Lizbeth FernandaThe main objective of this project was to conduct a systematic review of nursing interventions in the promotion and prevention of hypertension in older adults. Based on the PRISMA 2020 methodology and included 30 articles meticulously selected from 2019 to 2024 from the PubMed, SciELO and Redalyc databases. Were included however, studies published prior to 2019 were also considered, as they constitute fundamental theoretical references that have not been replaced by more recent evidence. Arterial hypertension is a health condition characterized by an increase in the force exerted by the blood against the arterial walls, resulting in excessive workload on the heart as it pumps blood throughout the body. This condition is predominant among older adults, who require information both to prevent its onset in those who have not yet developed it and to receive appropriate care to prevent complications in those already diagnosed with high blood pressure. Pharmacological treatment should always be combined with non-pharmacological measures, since even with good adherence to medication, the absence of healthy dietary habits, physical activity, and other lifestyle modifications may hinder health improvement and even lead to more severe complications. The results indicate that nursing interventions play a significant role in both health promotion and disease prevention, with a reduction in mortality rates observed at the local level. Unfortunately, this change is not reflected globally; However, despite this, campaigns continue, seeking to improve teaching techniques.
- ItemIntervenciones de enfermería en el manejo del dolor en pacientes adultos oncológicos(Instituto Superior Tecnológico Particular Sudamericano, 2026) Montaño Condo Alexander Ismael; Peralta Pando Jessica StephanyThe objective of the research was to analyze the existing scientific literature to determine how effective nursing team interventions were in treating pain symptoms in adults with cancer. The PRISMA method was used as a methodological strategy to develop a systematic review with a qualitative approach and a descriptive-documentary design. The population consisted of scientific studies that analyzed the strategies implemented to relieve pain in adults with cancer. To collect information, databases such as Google Scholar, Redalyc, and PubMed were consulted, as well as other academic sources, using descriptors in Spanish and English and Boolean operators. This process identified a total of 23 records; subsequently, after reviewing which studies met the requirements, ten articles were selected for final analysis. A content analysis matrix was used as a tool, recording relevant aspects such as author, year, type of study, interventions implemented, and main results. The results showed that nursing interventions, both pharmacological and non pharmacological, were based on a comprehensive assessment of pain, the appropriate use of the analgesic ladder, and the application of complementary strategies such as therapeutic communication, patient education, and relaxation techniques. These interventions contributed to the overall well-being of patients. It was concluded that nursing staff played a key role in the comprehensive management of cancer pain, as individualized and humanized care promoted the well-being of adult cancer patients.
- ItemManejo de las normas de bioseguridad por el personal de enfermería: una revisión sistemática(Instituto Superior Tecnológico Particular Sudamericano, 2026) Calle Calderón Joseline Andrea; Neira Maldonado María RosaBiosafety is a fundamental pillar of healthcare, as it aims to reduce the risk of healthcare-associated infections and protects both staff and patients. In this context, the present study aims to analyze the management of biosafety standards by nursing staff through a systematic review. To this end, the PRISMA 2020 methodology was used, applying a structured search procedure in academic archives such as PubMed, Redalyc, and Google Academic, considering publications between 2019 and 2025, in English and Spanish. The search was carried out using descriptors related to biosafety, risk factors, and protective barriers using Boolean operators, which allowed us to identify and select ten studies that met the defined criteria. The results showed that nursing staff have a sufficient level of theoretical training in biosafety standards; however, their application in practice is not always consistent, as factors such as excessive workload, limited availability of resources, ongoing training, and institutional oversight contributed to this gap. In conclusion, the application of these standards in the field of nursing at a conceptual level reflects strengths, but requires institutional, educational, and organizational strategies to ensure their effective and long-term compliance, thereby promoting the safety of patient care and healthcare personnel.
- ItemRol de la enfermería en cuidados paliativos una revisión sistémica(Instituto Superior Tecnológico Particular Sudamericano, 2026) Guayara Morocho Maura BeatrizPalliative care is an essential element of the healthcare system because it aims to im prove the quality of life of patients with chronic or terminal illnesses. The role of the specialist in this area fosters close and constant contact with the patient, their family, and the interdisciplinary team, as well as a comprehensive and humanized approach to care. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the role of nursing in the comprehensive care of palliative care patients in Ecuador through a systematic review. The methodology emplo ys a non-experimental, cross-sectional, qualitative design based on a literature review using the PRISMA method. The results demonstrated a significant gap in the academic training and continuing education of nursing professionals due to institutional lim itations such as the lack of standardized protocols and a scarcity of resources, negatively impacting the quality of care provided. Therefore, it is concluded that it is necessary to apply university training and continuing education protocols, based on clinical, ethical, communication and emotional competencies, in order to guarantee comprehensive, dignified palliative care focused on the patient and their family.
- ItemFactores asociados al incumplimiento del esquema nacional de vacunación en niños menores de 5 años, una revisión sistemática(Instituto Superior Tecnológico Particular Sudamericano, 2026) Torres León Juan PabloChildhood immunization represents a fundamental public health strategy aimed at reducing morbidity and mortality associated with vaccine-preventable diseases. Despite the availability of a national vaccination schedule in Ecuador, delayed or incomplete compliance among children under five years of age remains a significant concern, increasing vulnerability to preventable infections. This study aimed to analyze the factors associated with non-compliance with the national vaccination schedule through a systematic review of scientific literature. The review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, with searches performed in scientific databases including Scielo, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Redalyc using keywords related to vaccination, associated factors, and non-compliance. A total of 50 potentially relevant studies were identified, of which 40 met the established inclusion criteria and were selected for final analysis. The findings indicate that non-compliance is influenced by a combination of determinants rather than a single cause. The most frequently reported factors included limited caregiver knowledge, sociocultural influences, economic constraints, misinformation, time limitations, geographic barriers to healthcare access, and institutional challenges such as vaccine shortages and organizational deficiencies in health services. Non-compliance with the vaccination schedule is influenced by the interaction of social, economic, and institutional determinants. Addressing this issue requires comprehensive interventions aimed at improving health literacy, minimizing barriers to healthcare access, and strengthening the active involvement of nursing professionals in family guidance and follow-up. Such measures are essential to increase immunization coverage and ensure the protection of child health.